12mm Tempered Safety Glass for Pool Fence - China Suppliers and Factory Quality Assurance
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Enhanced Strength
Only A-grade float glass is used by LYD GLASS to make tempered glass, which lowers the glass's rate of self-explosion. The glass will have 3-5mm round safety corners, a polished edge, and a flat edge. Employees won't get scratches because to the safety edges.
Our tempered glass conforms with both European (CE EN-12150-2:2004) and American (CAN CGSB 12.1-2022, ANSI Z97.1-2015(R2020), and CPSC 16 CFR 1201-2024) requirements. It will be packaged in sturdy hardwood boxes or steel pallets.
Superior Safety
Tempered glass is a type of safety glass processed by controlled thermal or chemical treatments to increase its strength compared with normal glass. When broken, it shatters into small granular chunks instead of splintering into jagged shards, making it safer for use in various applications.
Production Process
The production of tempered glass primarily involves a thermal tempering process, which induces compressive stress on the glass surface and tensile stress in the core.
1. Glass Preparation
- Cutting: Large sheets of annealed (float) glass are cut to the exact required dimensions and shapes using automated glass cutting machines.
- Edging: All edges of the cut glass are ground and polished. This removes sharp edges and micro-cracks that could lead to breakage during the tempering process. Frameless tempered glass has 3mm-5mm rounded safety corners to avoid scratching people. Edging can be flat, pencil, beveled, etc.
2. Drilling & Washing
- Drilling/Notching: Any holes, cut-outs, or notches required for hardware, hinges, or specific designs are precisely drilled or cut at this stage. It is critical that all fabrication is completed before tempering, as tempered glass cannot be cut, drilled, or modified once processed.
- Washing: The prepared glass sheets are thoroughly washed with de-ionized water and brushed to remove any dust, debris, oils, or particles. This ensures a clean surface for uniform heating and prevents defects.
Excellent Thermal Stability
Tempered glass exhibits remarkable thermal stability, capable of withstanding temperature fluctuations ranging from 250 to 320°C. In contrast, ordinary annealed glass can only tolerate temperature changes between 20 and 100°C.
Heating Process
The clean glass is fed into a tempering furnace and heated to a very high temperature, typically between 620°C to 700°C (1150°F to 1300°F), just above its annealing point but below its melting point. The heating process is carefully controlled to ensure uniform temperature distribution.
Quenching
Immediately after reaching the desired temperature, the hot glass is rapidly cooled (quenched). This is achieved by blowing high-pressure air blasts onto both surfaces of the glass simultaneously and uniformly, causing the outer surfaces to cool and solidify much faster than the inner core.
Stress Creation
As the outer surfaces cool and harden, they contract. The interior continues to cool and contract more slowly. The faster-cooled outer layers are put into compression, while the slower-cooled interior remains in tension. This locked-in stress state gives tempered glass its increased strength.
Primary Materials
- Float Glass: High-quality annealed (regular) float glass is the base material. This can be clear, low-iron (extra clear), tinted, or coated float glass.
- Air: Used extensively in the quenching process.
- Water (De-ionized): Used for washing the glass.
Advantages of Tempered Glass
Superior Strength
Four to five times more robust than the same thickness of annealed glass. Higher resistance to impact, mechanical stress, thermal stress, and bending results from this.
Breakdown in Safety
Unlike the big, sharp shards of annealed glass, they are made to break into tiny, blunt, pebble-like bits, greatly lowering the chance of major damage.
High Thermal Resistance
It is appropriate for areas with temperature fluctuations since it can tolerate greater and faster temperature differentials (up to 200°C to 300°C) without breaking.
Durability
Its increased strength makes it more durable and long-lasting in demanding applications.
Versatility
Can be used in a wide range of applications, from architectural to automotive and appliance.
Optical Clarity
Maintains the same optical properties as the original float glass (unless treated with low-iron or tinted glass).
Application Scenarios
Tempered glass is a common choice for applications where safety, strength, and thermal resistance are crucial:
Architectural & Building
- Doors and Windows: Particularly in locations where safety is an issue or where strong winds or impacts are common.
- Shower enclosures and bathtub screens: Include permanent panels, cubicles, and frameless shower doors.
- Glass railings and balustrades: For decks, balconies, and staircases; frequently laminated for extra security.
- Shelving & Table Tops: For heavy-duty storage, retail displays, and furniture.
- Partition walls: Found in homes and workplaces.
- Skylights and Canopies: Usually made of tempered laminate for use above ground.
- Commercial Storefronts: To improve durability and security.
Specialized Applications
- Automobile: Front and rear windows (usually laminated).
- Appliances: Refrigerator shelves, microwave doors, and oven doors.
- Sports facilities: Backboards for basketball hoops and barriers for squash courts.
- Transportation & Marine: Doors and windows in buses, trains, and boats.
- Frameless glass assemblies: Used for pool fences, balustrades, and doors within structures where only one sturdy glass panel is needed.
Standard Compliance
Tempered glass is still essential to the contemporary glass industry because it strikes a balance between improved safety, excellent performance, and visual attractiveness.
Tempered Laminated Glass
Tempered Laminated Glass (also referred to as Toughened Laminated or Tempered-PVB-Tempered Glass) is an engineered composite that fuses the exceptional strength of tempered glass with the secure integrity of laminated glass. Two or more sheets of fully tempered glass are permanently fused with one or more polymer interlayers—most commonly PVB, EVA, or SGP—under controlled heat and pressure. The result delivers unmatched safety, robustness, long service life, and a host of additional performance advantages. Manufacturing this product is a multi-step operation that merges the distinct tempering and lamination processes.
Manufacturing Steps
- Interlayer Preparation: The selected interlayer film (PVB, SGP, etc.) is trimmed to match the tempered glass panes precisely. When multiple glass sheets or interlayers are required, the stacking order is mapped out in advance.
- Clean-Room Assembly: Inside a strictly controlled, dust-free and climate-regulated chamber, operators layer the tempered glass sheets with the interlayer(s) sandwiched between. Every precaution is taken to avoid trapping dust or debris. The basic layout is Glass | Interlayer | Glass, but more intricate stacks are possible.
- Pre-Lamination (De-airing & Tacking): The assembled stack is passed through a roller nip or inserted into a vacuum bag/oven. This step evacuates the majority of trapped air, creates an initial tack, and prevents bubbles during final lamination.
- Autoclave Curing (Permanent Bonding): The pre-laminated unit is loaded into an autoclave—a sealed, high-pressure vessel. Under precisely managed heat (≈120–150 °C) and pressure (≈8–15 bar) for several hours, the interlayer melts and bonds permanently to the glass, forming one solid, inseparable panel.
- Controlled Cooling & Final QC: After the autoclave cycle, the glass is cooled gradually. Comprehensive physical and optical inspections verify the absence of defects: delamination, haze, bubbles, or other flaws. Dimensional accuracy and specification compliance are also confirmed.
Main Materials
Core structure: ultra-strong tempered-glass sheets that deliver superb impact resistance and thermal stability. They can be specified in numerous thicknesses, hues, tints, and with optional coatings such as reflective or low-iron finishes.
Interlayer: the critical bonding sheet that dictates safety and added performance. Selection hinges on the project’s specific demands:
- Polyvinyl Butyral (PVB): the industry’s go-to interlayer. It bonds tenaciously, flexes under load, blocks the bulk of UV rays, and damps sound. Offered in clear, tinted, or custom-printed versions.
- SentryGlas® Plus (SGP): an advanced ionoplast interlayer from DuPont/Kuraray. It is markedly stiffer, stronger, and clearer than PVB. Ideal for blast-hazard, hurricane-rated, and structural glazing, it minimizes edge delamination and retains high post-breakage integrity.
Product Advantages
Ultimate Protection
Even if one or both tempered lites shatter, every shard stays locked to the interlayer, eliminating flying debris. Resists breakage from severe impacts, seismic activity, and high winds.
Solar & UV Shielding
The vast majority of interlayers—PVB and SGP in particular—filter out upwards of 99% of damaging ultraviolet light, keeping furnishings from fading or deteriorating.
Creative Freedom
Designers can embed tinted interlayers, custom prints, fabrics, LED lighting, or ultra-clear low-iron glass for striking visual effects.
Acoustic Comfort
Creates quieter indoor environments by significantly reducing outside noise due to exceptional acoustic damping properties.
Application Scenarios
- Overhead Glazing: Skylights, canopies, sloped glazing, roof lights – where falling glass is a critical concern.
- Structural Glazing: Glass floors, glass stairs, glass bridges, glass fins, and structural balustrades where the glass is a load-bearing element.
- Security & Safety Glazing: Bullet-resistant glass, blast-resistant glass, hurricane-resistant windows, forced-entry resistant applications.
- Balustrades & Railings: Both interior and exterior, especially frameless designs.
- Large-Span Windows & Doors: Where maximum safety and resistance to breakage are needed.
- Prisons, Banks, Museums, Art Galleries: For enhanced security and protection of valuable assets.
- Aquariums & Zoo Enclosures: Where robust, impact-resistant, and safe containment is essential.
- Silent Rooms & Recording Studios: Due to exceptional acoustic properties.
- Energy Efficiency: Can be combined with low-e coatings or specific interlayers for improved thermal performance.
Main Parameter Display (Examples)
Specific parameters will vary based on glass thickness, number of layers, interlayer type, and manufacturer capabilities.
- Glass Thickness Range: Each individual tempered pane can range from 3mm up to 25mm. Total laminated glass thickness varies widely, from 6.38mm (3mm+0.38PVB+3mm) to over 100mm for specialized bullet/blast-resistant glass.
- Interlayer Thickness (PVB): Common thicknesses are 0.38mm, 0.76mm, 1.14mm, 1.52mm, or multiple layers (e.g., 2.28mm, 3.04mm).
- Interlayer Thickness (SGP): Common thicknesses are 0.89mm, 1.52mm, 2.28mm.
- Number of Plies: Can be 2-ply (two glass panes + one interlayer), 3-ply, or more, depending on required strength and security.